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The world this week -- Business
本周國際要聞——商業
The world's stockmarkets continued to slide this week, as investors prepared for tighter monetary policy.
由于投資者們在為收緊的貨幣政策作準備，本周全球股市繼續下滑。
By January 26th the S&P 500 index had dropped by 9% since the start of the year.
截至1月26日，標準普爾500指數自年初以來已經下跌了9%。
Share prices elsewhere have been falling too.
其他地方的股價也在持續下跌。
The NASDAQ composite, a tech-heavy index, has dropped more sharply than the broader market.
以科技股為主的納斯達克綜合指數比大盤跌幅更大。
Higher interest rates would lower the value that investors place on the future profits of speculative firms.
更高的利率會降低投資者對風險性公司未來利潤的估值。
America's Federal Reserve signalled that it will indeed raise interest rates in March to try to bring inflation under control.
美聯儲發出信號，它確實將在三月提高利率以控制通貨膨脹。
That will be the first increase since 2018.
這將是自2018年以來的首次增長。
The Fed also signalled that it will wind down its bond-buying programme, which was expanded during the pandemic.
美聯儲還表示，其將逐步結束疫情期間擴大的債券購買計劃。
Cryptocurrencies have also experienced a sell-off recently, partly caused by growing scrutiny from regulators.
加密貨幣最近也經歷了一場拋售，部分原因是監管機構的審查越來越嚴格。
Bitcoin sank to a six-month low this week.
比特幣本周跌至六個月低點。
It has lost roughly half its value since November.
自去年11月以來，它的價值已經縮水了大約一半。
The price of smaller currencies, such as Ethereum and Litecoin, also fell.
以太坊和萊特幣等較小幣種的價格也有所下跌。
Microsoft said that its fourth-quarter sales grew to a record $51.7bn, up 20% from the same period last year.
微軟稱其第四季度的銷售額增至創紀錄的517億美元，比去年同期增長了20%。
Net income rose to $18.8bn.
凈利潤增至188億美元。
The results were fuelled by its gaming and Windows software units.
該公司的游戲和Windows軟件部門推動了這一增長。
But even though they beat analysts' forecasts, the firm's share price fell after the announcement.
但是，盡管結果超出了分析師的預測，該公司的股價在此結果宣布后還是下跌了。
It later recovered when the firm published rosy forecasts for its cloud division.
后來，當公司發布了對其云業務的樂觀預測時，股價又有所恢復。
Boeing reported a loss of $4.3bn for 2021, its third annual loss in a row.
波音公司報告稱，2021年虧損43億美元，這是該公司連續第三年虧損。
That is partly because of a charge of $3.5bn it had to pay to compensate customers for the delays in delivering its 787 Dreamliner.
這在一定程度上是因為，波音不得不支付35億美元的費用，以補償因其延遲交付787夢幻客機而受到影響的客戶。
Factory defects and regulatory problems have slowed production.
工廠過失和監管問題延緩了生產。
As part of a firm-wide restructuring plan Unilever, a consumer-goods giant, said that it will axe about 1,500 management jobs.
作為全公司范圍重組計劃的一部分，消費品巨頭聯合利華表示將裁減大約1500個管理職位。
Pressure to improve performance has been increased of late by Trian, an activist hedge fund which has built a stake in the company, and by the firm's failed bid to buy the consumer-health business of GlaxoSmithKline, a British drugmaker.
最近，該公司提高業績的壓力增加了，因為激進的對沖基金Trian入股了該公司，同時該公司收購英國制藥公司葛蘭素史克消費者健康的業務也失敗了。
Tesla reported record net profits of $2.3bn in the fourth quarter of 2021.
特斯拉報告稱在2021年第四季度實現了創紀錄的23億美元凈利潤。
But Elon Musk, the electric-car maker's boss, warned that supply-chain woes, such as the shortage of semiconductors, would probably weigh on the firm's results during 2022.
但這家電動汽車制造商的老板埃隆·馬斯克警告稱，半導體短缺等供應鏈問題可能會影響該公司2022年的業績。
He noted that Tesla's factories have been running below capacity for several quarters.
他指出，特斯拉的工廠已經連續幾個季度產能不足。
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